Perceived Patient Pain and Spousal Caregivers' Negative Affect: The Moderating Role of Spouse Confidence in Patients' Pain Management.

<p> This study examined whether older patients' greater daily pain perceived by their spouses was associated with spouses' higher daily negative affect. We further investigated whether spouses' lower confidence in patients' ability to manage pain exacerbated the daily association between perceived patient pain and spouses' negative affect. We used baseline interviews and a 22-day diary of knee osteoarthritis patients and their spouses ( = 144 couples). Multilevel models were estimated to test hypotheses. Daily perceived patient pain was not associated with spouses' daily negative affect. However, spouse confidence significantly moderated the association. Only spouses with lower confidence in patients' pain management experienced higher negative affect on days when they perceived that patients' level of pain was higher than usual. Findings suggest that spousal caregivers' lack of confidence in patients' pain management may be a risk factor for spouses' affective distress in daily life.</p>